Tool Selection:
Before finalizing automation tool we should consider below
points
Ease of usage
Quick Support
Technology support
Cost
Compatible with different browsers and operating systems
Selenium is open
source WEB automation testing tool.
Technologies: java , c#, Ruby, Python, PHP
Browsers: ie, chrome, Firefox, opera, safari
OS: win, max, Linux, Unix
Selenium
components:
IDE, RC, WebDriver 2.0, Web Driver 3.0, Grid
IDE: add-on Firefox
browser. For record and play back only. With the help of user extensions, we
can improve functionality. Supports conditional, iterative, regex. Tests can be
parameterized using IDE
RC: (1.0 ), supports
multiple browsers, supports most of the programming languages
WD: (2.0, 3.0) : eliminated
drawbacks in RC ( by eliminating server ). We can make direct calls to the
browser using various drivers available. Supports mobile testing
GRID: to run
tests parallel on different machines at a time
Advantages:
Free and open source
Multi browser and OS support
Parallel execution
Mobile testing
IDE – record and play back for quick automation evaluation
Continuous integration support
Easy framework development (data, keyword, hybrid, POM, PF )
Support for testing, junit etc
Capabilities:
Capabilities are options that you can use to customize and
configure a Browser Driver session.
Chrome:
DesiredCapabilities
capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
// Add the WebDriver
proxy capability.
Proxy proxy = new
Proxy();
proxy.setHttpProxy("myhttpproxy:3337");
capabilities.setCapability("proxy",
proxy);
// Add
ChromeDriver-specific capabilities through ChromeOptions.
ChromeOptions options
= new ChromeOptions();
options.addExtensions(new
File("/path/to/extension.crx"));//browser extensions
options.addArguments("start-maximized");//start
chrome maximised
options.setBinary("/path/to/other/chrome/binary");//
chrome.exe file path, if multiple verions available
options.addArguments("user-data-dir=/path/to/your/custom/profile");//By
default, ChromeDriver will create a new //temporary profile for each session.
At times you may want to set special preferences or just use a custom //profile
altogether
capabilities.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY,
options);
ChromeDriver driver =
new ChromeDriver(capabilities);
--OR--
RemoteWebDriver driver
= new RemoteWebDriver(
new
URL("http://localhost:4444/wd/hub"), capabilities);
Internet Explorer:
Set below browser options
DesiredCapabilities
capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.internetExplorer();
capabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME,
"IE");
capabilities.setCapability(InternetExplorerDriver.
INTRODUCE_FLAKINESS_BY_IGNORING_SECURITY_DOMAINS,true);
capabilities.setCapability(InternetExplorerDriver.INITIAL_BROWSER_URL,
"https://testvmm6.partnersonline.com/vmm");
capabilities.internetExplorer().setCapability("ignoreProtectedModeSettings",
true);
capcapabilities.setCapability("IE.binary",
"C:/Program Files (x86)/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe");
capabilities.setCapability(CapabilityType.ACCEPT_SSL_CERTS,
true);
capabilities.setJavascriptEnabled(true);
capabilities.setCapability("requireWindowFocus",
true);
capabilities.setCapability("enablePersistentHover",
false);
System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver",
"C:\\IEDriverServer.exe");//32 bit driver is good
WebDriver driver =
newInternetExplorerDriver(capabilities);
Navigation
methods:
Driver.get(“url”)
Driver.getTitle()
Driver.getCurrentURl()
Driver.getPageSource()
Driver.close()//closes current browser
Driver.quit()//closes all browsers under the driver
Driver.navigate().to(“url”)
Driver.navigate().forward()
Driver.navigate().back()
Driver.navigate().refresh()
Locators:
Common web elements are TextBox, Button, DropDown, Anchor
Tag, ChecBox, Radio Button.
We can locate elements using ID, class name, Name, link
text, xpath, css selector ( id, class, attribute, substring, Innter text )
<input id=”myId” name=”name1” class=”class1”
title=”sample toot tip”/>
<a>help</a>
ID: Driver.findElement(By.id(“myId”))
Name: Driver.findElement(By.name(“name1”))
Class: Driver.findElement(By.class(“class1”))
linkText:
Driver.findElement(By.LinkText(“Help”))
Xpath: Driver.findElement(By.xpath(“//intput[@title=’sample
tool tip’]”)
Tagname: Driver.findElement(By.tagName(“input”))
cssSelector: driver.findElement(By.css(‘#myId’))
FindElement vs
FindElements
WebElement ele = Drive.findElement(By.id(“#myId”)) //
returns only one element
List<WebElemen> list =
Driver.findElements(By.tagName(“input”))// returns list of elements
Events:
Common web element interactions are
Click(), clear(), sendKeys(“”), isDispalyed(), isSelected()
( applicable for check box and Radio button ) ,getText().getAttribute(“attr”),
getSize(), getLocation() ( returns X and Y co-ordinate )
Synchronization ( webDriver
waits):
Implicit wait: wait
is applicable for all the elements under the driver object.
Wait for all the elements maximum 10 seconds if not
available by default.
If element found, skips the wait time.
Driver.manage().timeouts.implicitWait(10,TimeUnits.SECONDS)
Explicit Wait :
wait is applicable for only one element under the driver object.
We can specify explicit waiting conditions for any element
so that our test should pass.
Ex: wait for this element until this element is clickable ,
upto maximum 55 seconds.
If element found, skips the wait time.
Few expected conditions are below:
elementToBeClickable()
textToBePresentInElement()
alertsPresent()
Titles()
framToBeAvaialbeAndSwitchToIt()
Actions Class:
Helps to handle keyboard and mouse events ( ex: drag and
drop, selecting items holding Control key or alt key etc )
Actions builder=new Actions(driver);
builder.moveToElement(username,150,22);
builder.sendKeys("Mahesh");
builder.perform();
Action seriesofactions=builder.moveToElement(username).click().keyDown(username,Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(username,"hell").keyUp(username,Keys.SHIFT).doubleClick(username).contextClick(username).build();
seriesofactions.perform();
clickAndHold()
release()
contextClick()
doubleClick()
dragAndDrop(source,target)
dragAndDropBy(source,x-offset,y-offset)
keyDown(modifier_key)
keyUp(modifier_key)
moveByOffset(x-offset, y-offset)
moveToElement(toElement)
sendKeys(onElement, charSequence)
Screen capture:
If we wanted to take screen shot of current browser, here is
the way
WebDriver driver = new
FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://www.google.com/");
File scrFile =
((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
// Now you can do
whatever you need to do with it, for example copy somewhere
FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile,
new File("c:\\tmp\\screenshot.png"));
Switch to :
Here is the code to switch to new browser and and close it
and switch back to original browser.
// Store the current
window handle
String winHandleBefore
= driver.getWindowHandle();
// Perform the click
operation that opens new window
// Switch to new
window opened
for(String winHandle :
driver.getWindowHandles()){
driver.switchTo().window(winHandle);
}
// Perform the actions
on new window
// Close the new
window, if that window no more required
driver.close();
// Switch back to
original browser (first window)
driver.switchTo().window(winHandleBefore);
// Continue with
original browser (first window)
Alerts:
Below is the code for accepting alert box and getting alert
text
String alertText =
"";
WebDriverWait wait =
new WebDriverWait(driver, 5);
// This will wait for
a maximum of 5 seconds, everytime wait is used
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[text()
= \"Edit\"]")).click();//causes page to alert() something
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent());
// Before you try to
switch to the so given alert, he needs to be present.
Alert alert =
driver.switchTo().alert();
alertText =
alert.getText();
alert.accept();
return alertText;
